Tree canopy within 60m of every building

21 European cities. Red = bare, green = adequate shade. 30% canopy is the threshold for meaningful cooling.

Tree canopy: Meta/WRI Global Canopy Height (1m, 2020), filtered to trees ≥3m. Canopy assessed within 60m buffer of each building — the distance at which cooling remains significant (Ziter et al. 2019). Threshold: 30% canopy cover, the minimum linked to measurable cooling. Buildings: IGN BD TOPO (France), Overture Maps (others). Unpublished analysis by Dr Thami Croeser, June 2026.